Excerpt from the book: Testosterone: A Man's Guide
Most men find that their sexual desire increases after they start testosterone
replacement. Sexual dreams and nighttime/morning erections may be
more easily achievable, but in some cases
testosterone alone does not
make erections strong or lasting
enough for successful intercourse. So, some men need some extra help to make sure that their improved
sex drive matches an improved and hard erection.
Before we start covering
other options for improving
erections, let’s talk about steps you should take before you start combination therapy of
testosterone plus other options. If erectile dysfunction or sex drive is not improved while on testosterone, ask your doctor
about adjusting your dose
of testosterone. Ensure
that your total testosterone level is between 500 and 1000 ng/dL. Also, have your doctor check your blood levels of estradiol and prolactin.
High estradiol blood levels caused
by conversion of testosterone into this
female hormone by the aromatase enzyme
may cause sexual dysfunction (this can be treated
with low dose anastrazole). So is high prolactin's effect on erectile function. Low levels
of thyroid hormone, infections, lack of sleep, alcohol, smoking,
medications and depression also can cause erectile
dysfunction in the presence
of normal testosterone levels. Blood pressure medications are known to be one of the main causes of erectile
dysfunction, so discuss the different type of medications to keep your blood pressure
in normal ranges
(high blood pressure is also a risk factor for erectile
dysfunction). Last but not least,
lack of attraction for our sexual partner can get in the way of achieving
a strong erection.
If high estradiol of over 30 pg/dl is found (by ultrasensitive testing), then anastrozole at 1mg three times a week may be enough to bring it down to healthy levels. Remember that estradiol is important for men to keep healthy skin, hair, and brain function. High prolactin can be treated with cabergoline.
HCG- As mentioned before,
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) mimics LH and stimulates the Leydig cells of the testicles to produce
testosterone. HCG has been successfully used alone or in combination with testosterone replacement to normalize testicular size after long term
anabolic steroid or testosterone use. It has also anecdotally helped men whose sexual drive does not improve on testosterone replacement alone.
No published studies have been done on this benefit,
however. Doses of 250-500 IU twice a week while on testosterone replacement are being prescribed
by several physicians who report that their patients perceive improvements in sexual desire and erectile
function on this regimen. We
do not know if this effect lasts after
long term HCG use or if it is better to
cycle it on and off.
PD-5 Inhibitors- For many older men the use of prescription
phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PD-5) medications like Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra—may be needed in combination
with testosterone replacement. However, some
men do not respond well to these oral agents or have
side effects such as headaches,
nasal congestion, flushing,
gut problems, and, in
the case of Cialis, back pain. Cialis may last longer than the others (36 hours compared to 4 hours for Viagra or Levitra), but so may its side effects. Some men take Claritin and ibuprofen with these drugs to pre-treat nasal congestion and headaches, respectively.
Sildenafil (Viagra) was the first PDE5 inhibitor
to enter on the market in
1998. The usual dose of sildenafil is 50 mg (25 to 100 mg) taken one hour
before sex. The effects of sildenafil last for approximately four hours,
and patients should be instructed to use no more
than one dose within 24 hours. Fatty meals reduce the absorption of sildenafil; therefore, the drug should be taken on an empty
stomach. This may be an inconvenient factor that needs careful planning
of which some patients
are not aware.
Vardenafil (Levitra), the first second-generation PDE5 inhibitor to be
developed, is given at a usual dose of 10 mg (2.5 to 20 mg) one hour
before sex. Older men and those with moderate liver dysfunction
should receive a lower initial dose of 5 mg. Vardenafil begins working within 30
to 45
minutes after administration and lasts
for about four hours. As with
sildenafil, patients taking vardenafil should not use more than one dose
within a 24-hour period. Patients
should not take vardenafil within
three hours of fatty meals, due to a reduction in absorption.
The newest PDE5 inhibitor
is tadalafil (Cialis),
which has a longer
duration of action--approximately 36 hours--than sildenafil or vardenafil. In addition, the usual dose of 10 mg (5 to 20 mg) should be taken about 30
minutes before sexual activity. This shorter
onset time can possibly allow patients more opportunity for spontaneity. Food intake does not
appear to affect the absorption of tadalafil; this makes it very practical for men who do
not plan ahead when they have sex. Cialis is approved
for low dose daily use, but most insurance companies will not pay for it. If you want to
try a 5 or 10 mg dose daily, you can get a
free 30 day supply after
getting a doctor’s prescription and taking the following voucher
to your pharmacy after downloading
it and printing it (you have to answer some questions
online first). You are better
off asking your doctor
for a prescription for 10 mg per day and cut the pills in half for the first week to see if 5 mg per day
works well enough for you. If not, you can go up in dose.
Here is the web
site address to download
the voucher:
Free One Month Supply Voucher
Free One Month Supply Voucher
Though considered generally safe for most patients,
including those taking multiple
antihypertensives, PDE5 inhibitors are not a viable
treatment option for every man with ED.
They
need to be used with careful monitoring in patients
with a cardiovascular history that includes
heart attacks or stroke (within
the past two weeks) and hypotension (blood pressure <90/50 mmHg),
Because PDE5 is inhibited
in penile tissue as well as extra genital
tissue, patients treated with PDE5 inhibitors may experience
headache, facial flushing, nasal congestion, dyspepsia, and dizziness. Sildenafil also inhibits PDE type 6 in the retina.
Therefore, patients treated
with sildenafil may experience sensitivity to light, blurred vision,
and loss of blue-green color discrimination, all of which are generally
considered reversible. Tadalafil
also inhibits PDE type 11 in skeletal tissue,
possibly leading to back
and muscle pain.
ED drugs
are available by prescription but I have heard that some men are ordering them without a prescription
from overseas websites to save money (overseas sources can be ten times cheaper than products
in the United States). This book does not endorse the use of these drugs
without a prescription, but it is my duty to mention facts about what is happening out in the real world. For a review
of online sites that sell erectile dysfunction drugs, visit:
The following
table shows how long each commercially available PD-5 drug starts working and how long they stay in your body. This numbers
vary depending on the amount of food or alcohol
you ingest before
taking them, your body
weight, and your liver metabolism.
If you are
older than age 65, or have serious liver or kidney
problems, your doctor may start you at the lowest dose (25 mg) of Viagra or any of the other two drugs.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines
you take. ED drugs and other
medicines may affect each other.
Especially
tell your doctor if you take
any of these:
• Medicines called
alpha-blockers.
These
include
Hytrin®
(terazosin HCl), Flomax® (tamsulosin
HCl), Cardura® (doxazosin mesylate), Minipress® (prazosin HCl), Uroxatral®
(alfuzosin HCl), or Rapaflo®
(silodosin). Alpha-blockers are sometimes prescribed for prostate problems
or high blood pressure. In some patients the use of PDE5 inhibitor drugs with
alpha-blockers can lower blood pressure significantly, leading
to fainting. You should
contact the prescribing physician if
alpha-blockers or other drugs that lower blood pressure are prescribed by another healthcare provider
• HIV protease
inhibitors
including
Ritonavir
(Norvir®)
or
indinavir sulfate (Crixivan®), saquinavir (Fortavase®
or Invirase®) or atazanavir (Reyataz®)
• Antifungals like ketoconazole
or itraconazole (such as Nizoral® or Sporanox®)
• Antibiotics
like erythromycin or clarithromycin
• Tell your doctor if you take medicines
that treat abnormal heartbeat. These include quinidine, procainamide, amiodarone, and sotalol.
Patients taking these drugs should not use ED drugs.
If you are taking
HIV protease inhibitors your doctor may recommend the lowest dose of each ED drug to start with and work your way up if the starting dose does not provide the desire benefits.
Norvir, part of HIV protease inhibitor regimens, can boost blood levels of Ed drugs
by slowing down the liver’s clearance of those drugs, so lower doses are needed to
achieve the desired effect with the fewest side effects.
In rare instances, men taking PDE5 inhibitors
have reported a sudden decrease or loss of vision. It is not possible to determine
whether these events are related directly
to these medicines or to other factors. If you experience sudden decrease or loss of vision, stop taking PDE5 inhibitors
and call a doctor right away.
Sudden decrease or loss of hearing has been rarely reported in people taking PDE5 inhibitors. It is not possible to determine whether these events are related
directly to the PDE5 inhibitors or to other factors. If you
experience sudden decrease or loss of hearing, stop taking the oral ED drug and contact a doctor
right away.
If you have prostate problems or high blood pressure
for which you take
medicines called alpha blockers, your doctor may start you on a lower
dose of ED drugs.
People who use recreational drugs called “poppers” like amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite should be
careful while using ED drugs since a sudden decrease in blood pressure can occur.
Other options for men who need an extra erectile
boost while using testosterone replacement:
Yohimbine—Available over-the-counter or by prescription (Yocon); increases sex organ sensitivity. It can raise blood pressure
and cause insomnia and anxiety, so talk to your doctor. A small study showed that
men who used yohimbine with the amino acid arginine
had better erections (read section on
supplements in this book)
Muse (alprostadil)—this is a prescription pellet that inserts
into the urethra to produce
an erection. Not very popular
since some men do not respond well or are afraid to hurt themselves if they do not stick the pellet applicator carefully through the external urethral
orifice of the penis head. You can ask your urologist for a sample with a training video that comes with it to see if this option is for
you.
Trimix or Quadmix—Available by prescription from compounding
pharmacies. These are mixtures of prostaglandins and papaverine that increase blood flow and retention
into the penis. Prostaglandins
are mediators and have a variety
of strong physiological effects, such as regulating the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue.
Prostaglandins are not hormones and they are not produced
at one discrete site, but rather
in many places throughout the human body.
Trimix is a mixture of two prostaglandins (phentolamine and alprostadil)
plus papaverine (a vasodilator medication) that increase blood flow to the penis and cause strong and lasting
erections, with or without sexual
stimulation. These compounds appear to act together to increase arterial inflow, dilate smooth muscles,
and restrict venous outflow promoting erectile rigidity with greater
success and in smaller doses than if these
compounds were used as single therapies.
An example of a dosage combination for tri-mix is 10 micrograms
of alprostadil, 500 micrograms
of phentolamine and 15 mg of papaverine.
Dosing of tri-mix preparations has not
been standardized.
Trimix is injected directly into the side of the penis through a fine- gauge “insulin-style” needle in very small amounts (0.1-0.5 cc) that increase blood flow to the penis. It results in strong and lasting erections. The main potential side effect are hematomas (bruising), fibrosis if used too frequently and on the same injection site, pain, and dangerously long-lasting erections (priaprism). Priaprism may sound great but this can literally kill your penis by causing gangrene of the tissue after stagnant blood coagulates inside it. I know men who had to go to an emergency room 8 hours after having used too much Trimix and have the blood drained from their penis. To ensure perfect injection technique and dosing, it is imperative to be trained on how to dose this with the help of an urologist.
Compounding pharmacies sell two types of Trimix formulations: Freeze dried (powder to be mixed later with water) or pre-mixed
vials. Some men find the freeze dried
form not to be as effective.
It is extremely
important to remember never to use Viagra, Cialis, or
Levitra before or at the same
time as you use Trimix. This is a dangerous
combination
that can increase
the risk of priaprism. Be particularly careful
with Cialis since it can stay in your blood stream for a longer
time. I know someone who had priaprism since he had forgotten he had taken Cialis
two days before using Trimix.
Most men who use Trimix love it, even if they have had to learn the hard
way about priaprism
during one instance.
Most of these men did not
respond well nor had too many side effects to oral agents like Viagra or Cialis.
For instructions on how to inject Trimix, read:
For instructions for physicians on how to treat priaprism
in the unfortunate case that it happens:
A 10 cc bottle of Trimix can cost from $70 to $100 in compounding pharmacies. If a dose of 0.15 cc is needed per erection, this bottle can be
good for 67 erections. In comparison with Cialis and Viagra
($16 a pill), this option seems economical. APSMeds.com has good prices, quality control and customer service, and can ship to your home.
You will need a prescription written as : TRIMIX (10 micrograms of alprostadil, 500 micrograms of phentolamine and 15 mg of papaverine) , 5 mls, as directed. Make sure you ask for insulin syringes (30 gauge, 1 inch needles), and alcohol swabs with your order.
You will need a prescription written as : TRIMIX (10 micrograms of alprostadil, 500 micrograms of phentolamine and 15 mg of papaverine) , 5 mls, as directed. Make sure you ask for insulin syringes (30 gauge, 1 inch needles), and alcohol swabs with your order.
Caverject— This is an injectable form of alprostadil. Injections of
alprostadil have been reported to cause pain, bleeding, hematomas and scar tissue leading to Peyronie’s Disease (excessive curvature of the penis) in some patients. Caverjet is available by prescription and it is not
a compounded product,
so some doctors
who are not comfortable
prescribing compounded products feel more at ease prescribing it. However, it is not as effective
as Trimix, it requires a large injection
volume, and it comes preloaded in syringes with thick needles. It is also
10 times more expensive than Trimix but several
insurance companies pay for
it (Trimix is rarely covered by insurance). This injection into the penis that produces an erection
that can last 1 to 2 hours. Follow
instructions from your urologist since overdosing can also cause priaprism.
For the best treatment
algorithm for physicians who want to learn
more about how to prescribe, dose and manage injectable ED drugs like Trimix,
Caverjet and other formulations, this article is probably the most
comprehensive. It was written by Jeffrey A.
Albaugh, who is an Advanced Practice Urology Clinical Nurse Specialist at Northwestern
Memorial Wellness Institute
in Chicago (source:Urol Nurs. 2006;26(6):449-453. © 2006 Society of Urologic Nurses and Associates ) :
Penile restriction
rings—these rubber or leather
restricting bands (commonly known as “cock rings”) can be very effective at maintaining erections after the penis fills
up with blood. Be careful not to use it too
tight. Neoprene and leather rings are the most common. They
can be found online.
Other options are penile vacuum
devices and penile implants. Due to the scope of this book, these two options will not be reviewed.
Plenty of information can be found by Googling those terms.
For information on penile implants, visit: http://www.urologicalcare.com/advanced-ed-treatments/types-penile-implants/
It is estimated that some degree
of ED affects half of all men over the
age of 40 and that 150 million men worldwide
suffer from ED. Up to 35% of men with ED are non-responsive to standard therapies
with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, representing an estimated market
of $500 to $600 million per year. So, there is a huge interest from pharmaceutical
companies to keep researching new drugs in this field.
Out of many that are being tested,
there are about 4 new erectile
dysfunction medications that have made it through several clinical trials
and many of them are in the final stages of being approved. The ED
market is an extremely competitive field. Viagra will lose its patent
in the near future and generic
versions will become widely available. Whether this will mean that Viagra will be cheaper
in the United States then is yet to be seen. Many
drugs have become generic and yet their prices do not drop
when that happens.
Medications that could cause decreased sex drive or erectile dysfunction:
One reason that testosterone may not lead to better erections and sex drive is the use of medications that may interfere with those two benefits.
A great review of all studies of drugs that affect sexual function in men was provided by Dr. Walter K.H. Krause in his book “Drugs Compromising Male Sexual Health”. He was able to identify evidence from different studies (many uncontrolled and small) about the common classes of prescription medications that can cause erectile dysfunction. It is not known if testosterone replacement can counteract the effects of these medication classes. Among the medications are:
A great review of all studies of drugs that affect sexual function in men was provided by Dr. Walter K.H. Krause in his book “Drugs Compromising Male Sexual Health”. He was able to identify evidence from different studies (many uncontrolled and small) about the common classes of prescription medications that can cause erectile dysfunction. It is not known if testosterone replacement can counteract the effects of these medication classes. Among the medications are:
• Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine
oxidase inhibitors
• Blood pressure medications (antihypertensives): Alpha andregenergic antagonists, beta-blockers, diuretics, guanethidine,
methyldopa
• Narcotics
and opiates
• Barbiturates and benzodiazepines
• Hormone related
products: Anabolic steroids, antiandrogens used
in prostate cancer, estrogens,
medroxyprogesterone, 5-alpha- reductase
inhibitors (Proscar, Propecia)
• Anti-acids: Histamine
2 receptor antagonists (Tagamet), proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec)
• Cholesterol
–lowering agents: Bile acid sequestrants, fenofibrates