Test
|
Reference Range
|
Alanine
aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT)
Levels are
extremely increased in cases of liver cell necrosis of any cause, right heart
failure, acute anoxia, extensive trauma, or left heart failure. A slightly
high level may indicate cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, liver tumors,
extensive myocardial infarction, myositis, muscular dystrophy, fatty liver,
chronic alcohol abuse, or severe pancreatitis. Levels will by low in cases of
pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
|
|
Female
|
7-30 U/liter
|
Male
|
10-55 U/liter
|
Albumin
There is no
naturally occurring hyperalbuminemia. Any condition that results in the
decrease of plasma water will increase the concentration of all plasma
proteins, including albumin. Low concentrations of blood albumin may be due
to acute and chronic inflammation, decreased synthesis by the liver,
increased loss via body surfaces, increased catabolism, or increased blood
volume. *albumin is the principal oncotically active component of plasma. As
the major plasma protein, albumin acts as a nitrogen pool. Its role in
transporting bilirubin, bile acids, metal ions, and drugs will be markedly
affected by variations in concentrations.
|
3.1-4.3 g/dl
|
Alkaline
phosphatase (adult)
Origins of the
major phosphatases are liver, bone, intestine, endometrium, and lung.
Ingestion of a meal increases the intestinal isoenzyme of alp in serum,
especially in individuals who are blood type o or b and who are
Lewis-positive secretors. Increased levels of alp may indicate increased bone
metabolism (during healing of fracture, primary and secondary
hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, or juvenile rickets). May also indicate bone
disease, renal disease, or liver disease. Low levels may indicate
hypothyroidism, scurvy, gross anemia, vitamin b12 deficiency or nutritional
deficiency of zinc or magnesium.
|
|
Female
|
30-100 U/liter
|
Male
|
45-115 U/liter
|
Androstenedione
(adult)
Androstenedione
is a major precursor in the biosynthesis of androgens and estrogens. It
is produced in adrenals and gonads and serves as prohormone for testosterone
and estrone. The test is useful in conjunction with other tests in the
evaluation and management of androgen disorders
|
50-250 ng/dl
|
Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST, SGOT)
Increased
levels may indicate liver cell necrosis or injury of any cause, including
cholestatic and obstructive jaundice, chronic hepatitis, or drug-induced
injury to liver. May also be associated with hepatic metastases and hepatoma,
necrosis or trauma to heart or skeletal muscle, inflammatory disease of heart
or skeletal muscle, heart failure, Forbes's disease, heat stroke,
hypothyroidism, intestinal obstruction, lactate acidosis, or toxic shock
syndrome. Also distinguishes neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia.
|
|
Female
|
9-25 U/liter
|
Male
|
10-40 U/liter
|
Bilirubin,
direct
High serum
blood levels are associated with intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree
obstruction, hepatocellular damage, cholestasis, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, or
rotor's syndrome.
|
0.0-0.4 mg/dl
|
Bilirubin,
total
High serum
levels may indicate hepatocellular damage (inflammatory, toxic, neoplastic),
intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree obstruction, hemolytic diseases,
fructose intolerance, hypothyroidism or neonatal physiological jaundice
|
0.0-1.0 mg/dl
|
Calcium
High blood
calcium levels may indicate primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism,
malignant disease with bone involvement (in particular metastatic carcinoma
of the breast, lung, kidney, multiple myeloma, lymphomas, and leukemia),
vitamin d intoxication, milk-alkali syndrome, Paget's disease with
immobilization, thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly, diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis
or dehydration. Low levels of calcium may indicate hypoparathyroidism;
vitamin d deficiency, chronic renal failure, magnesium deficiency, prolonged
anticonvulsant therapy, acute pancreatitis, anterior pituitary hypofunction,
hypoalbuminemia, or inadequate nutrition.
|
8.5-10.5 mg/dl
|
Carbon dioxide
content, total
High levels
may indicate respiratory acidosis caused by poor gas exchange or depression
of respiratory center; generalized respiratory disease; metabolic acidosis
(after severe vomiting in pyloric stenosis, hypokalemic states, or excessive
alkali intake). Low levels may indicate compensated respiratory alkalosis,
metabolic acidosis in diabetes mellitus, renal glomerular or tubular failure,
renal tubular acidosis and intestinal loss of alkali with coexisting increase
in c1 and normal anion gap
|
24-30
mmol/liter
|
Chloride
High chloride
levels may be attributed to dehydration, renal tubular acidosis, acute renal
failure, diabetes insipidus, metabolic acidosis associated with prolonged
diarrhea with loss of nahco3, respiratory alkalosis, and some cases of
primary hyperparathyroidism. Low serum chloride levels may be due to
excessive sweating, prolonged vomiting from any cause or gastric suction,
persistent gastric secretion, salt-losing nephritis, aldosteronism, potassium
depletion associated with alkalosis, respiratory acidosis
|
100-108
mmol/liter
|
Cholesterol
High total
cholesterol levels may indicate familial or polygenic hyperlipoproteinemia
types IIa and IIb, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemias secondary to
hepatocellular disease, intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis, chronic renal
failure, malignant neoplasms of pancreas and prostate, hypothyroidism, gout,
ischemic heart disease, pregnancy, diabetes, alcoholism, analbuminemia,
dysglobulinemia, anorexia nervosa, idiopathic hypercalcemia, acute
intermittent porphyria, or isolated hgh deficiency. Low levels may be
associated with lipoprotein deficiency, hepatocellular necrosis, malignant
neoplasm of liver, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption, malnutrition,
megaloblastic anemias, chronic obstructive lung disease, mental retardation,
rheumatoid arthritis, or intestinal lymphangiectasia. *secondary disorders
that elevate cholesterol levels should be ruled out prior to initiating
therapy with cholesterol-lowering drugs. *factors that have variable effects
on cholesterol levels in different people include posture before and at time
of blood sampling, a recent meal, emotional stress, and menstrual cycle.
|
|
Desirable
|
< 200 mg / dl
|
Borderline
high
|
200-239 mg/dl
|
High
|
> 239 mg/dl
|
Creatinine
High serum or
plasma levels may indicate renal function impairment, both acute and chronic;
active acromegaly and gigantism, hyperthyroidism, and meat meals
|
0.6-1.5 mg/dl
|
Dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA) sulfate (adult)
Decreased
levels may be associated with increased age in men & women,
hyperlipidemia, psychosis, or psoriasis. Weakly androgenic
|
|
Male
|
10-619 µg/dl
|
Female
|
|
Premenopausal
|
12-535 µg/dl
|
Postmenopausal
|
30-260 µg/dl
|
Estradiol
Estradiol is
the most active of endogenous estrogens. The test is of value, together with
gonadotropins, in evaluating menstrual and fertility problems in adult
females. Measurement is also useful in the evaluation of gynecomastia or
feminization states due to estrogen or producing tumors.
|
|
Female
|
|
Menstruating
|
|
Follicular
phase
|
50-145 pg/ml
|
Midcycle
peak
|
112-443 pg/ml
|
Luteal
phase
|
50-241 pg/ml
|
Postmenopausal
|
< 59 pg / ml
|
Male
|
< 50 pg / ml
|
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
In
hypogonadism, FSH and LH levels lower than normal for the patient's age
indicate hypothalamic or pituitary problems; higher levels indicate a primary
gonadal defect
|
|
Female
|
|
Menstruating
|
|
Follicular
phase
|
3.0-20.0
U/liter
|
Ovulatory
phase
|
9.0-26.0
U/liter
|
Luteal
phase
|
1.0-12.0
U/liter
|
Postmenopausal
|
18.0-153.0
U/liter
|
Male
|
1.0-12.0
U/liter
|
Globulin
High levels
may be associated with chronic hepatitis, plasma cell dyscrasias/ lymphoproliferative
disorders, cirrhosis, chronic liver diseases, chronic infections or certain
autoimmune disorders. Low levels may indicate immune deficiency or
suppression or lymphoproliferative disorder. Decreases in all fractions may
be seen in bulk loss of proteins into the gut.
|
2.6-4.1 g/dl
|
Glucose,
fasting
Serum glucose
levels may be high due to diabetes mellitus, strenuous exercise, increased
epinephrine, pancreatic disease or an endocrine disorder. A high serum level
may also be related to acute myocardial infarction or severe angina, chronic
liver disease, or chronic renal disease.
|
70-110 mg/dl
|
(gamma)-Glutamyltransferase
(GGT)
Very high levels can be associated with
obstructive liver disease and posthepatic obstruction. Moderately high levels
may indicate liver disease (inflammation, cirrhosis, space-occupying
lesions), infectious mononucleosis, renal transplant, hyperthyroidism,
myotonic dystrophy, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, or alcohol-induced liver
disease. Low GGT levels will indicate hypothyroidism. *useful marker for
pancreatic cancer, prostatic cancer, and hepatoma because levels reflect
remission and recurrence.
|
|
Male
|
1-94 U/liter
|
Female
|
1-70 U/liter
|
Growth hormone
(resting)
Secretion of
GH is episodic and pulsatile; highest values occur during periods of deepest
sleep. Ability to secrete GH in response to a conventional challenge declines
with age. Random levels of GH provide little diagnostic information; GH
secretion is best assessed during tests that stimulate or suppress release.
Patients with GH-producing pituitary disorders often release GH in response
to TRH or GnRH; and patients with suspected GH deficiencies have subnormal
responses to stimulation tests (i.e. GH stimulation test after arginine,
insulin, l-dopa, glucagon, propanolol and insulin tolerance test.)
|
2-5 ng/ml
|
Hemoglobin A1C
Glycated
hemoglobin concentration appears to reflect the mean blood glucose
concentration over the previous 4-8 wks. This test, while not useful
for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, has been shown to be useful in
monitoring its long-term control. Glycated hemoglobins are increased as
a reflection of hyperglycemia during the lifespan of erythrocytes
|
3.8-6.4%
|
High-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, as major risk factor
Epidemiological
studies demonstrate the inverse association between HDL-c levels and the
incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is suggested
that for every 5 mg/dl decrease in HDL-c below the mean, the risk of CHD
increases 25%. Another approach in assessing CHD risk is to calculate the
ratio of HDL-c to either LDL-c or total cholesterol. The following primary
disease states can lead to secondary decrease in HDL-c: uncontrolled
diabetes, premature coronary heart disease, hepatocellular disorders,
cholestasis, nephrotic syndrome, and chronic renal failure.
|
above 40 mg/dl men
above 50 mg/dl women
|
Insulin
Decreased
serum levels indicate inadequately treated type I diabetes mellitus.
High serum levels may indicate insulin overdose, insulin resistance
syndromes, or endogenous hyperinsulinemia
|
2-20 U/ml
|
Lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH)
Extremely high
levels may indicate megaloblastic and pernicious anemia, extensive
carcinomatosis, viral hepatitis, shock, hypoxia or extreme hyperthermia. Very
high levels are associated with cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, renal
diseases, neoplastic diseases, skeletomuscular diseases, or congestive heart
failure. Mildly high levels are associated with any cellular injury that
results in loss of cytoplasm, myocardial or pulmonary infarction, leukemias,
hemolytic anemias, hepatitis (nonviral), sickle cell disease, lymphoma, renal
infarction, or acute pancreatitis.
|
110-210
U/liter
|
Lipoprotein(a)
|
0-30 mg/dl
|
Low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol
LDL
encompasses all of the lipoproteins with density greater than 1.006 kg/l and
less than or equal to 1.063 kg/l. High levels may indicate primary
hyperlipoproteinemia types IIa and IIb; tendon and tuberous xanthomas,
corneal arcus, and premature coronary heart disease. The following diseases
can lead to secondary elevation of LDL-c: hyperlipoproteinemia secondary to
hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic obstruction, hepatic disease,
pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, diabetes, chronic renal failure, and Cushing's
syndrome.
|
|
Desirable
|
<130>
mg/ dl
|
Borderline
high risk
|
130-159 mg/dl
|
High risk
|
greater than
or equal to 160 mg/dl
|
Iron
High serum
levels may indicate pernicious, aplastic, and hemolytic anemias;
hemochromatosis, acute leukemia, lead poisoning, acute hepatitis, vitamin b6
deficiency, excessive iron supplementation/therapy, repeated transfusions, or
nephritis. Low serum iron levels may indicate iron-deficiency anemia,
remission of acute and chronic infection, carcinoma, nephrosis,
hypothyroidism, or postoperative state. *symptoms of iron poisoning include
abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, cyanosis, lethargy, and
convulsions. Levels may vary widely for an individual within the same day or
from day to day.
|
45-180 ug/dL
(MALES FEMALES).
|
Luteinizing
hormone (LH)
Test used to
determine the preovulatory LH surge; also provides an integrated picture of
LH secretion throughout the day. Shows pituitary or hypothalamic impairment
or overproduction
|
|
Female
|
|
Menstruating
|
|
Follicular
phase
|
2.0-15.0
|
Ovulatory
phase
|
22-105
|
Luteal
phase
|
0.6-19
|
Postmenopausal
|
16-64
|
Male
|
2.0-12.0
|
Magnesium
Mg plays a
vital role in glucose metabolism by facilitating the formation of muscle and
liver glycogen from blood-borne glucose. Also participates as a
cofactor in the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids during
energy metabolism. High serum levels may indicate dehydration, renal
insufficiency, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, adrenocortical insufficiency,
Addison's disease, hypothyroidism or lupus erythematosus.
Phytate, fatty acids, and an excess of phosphate impair mg absorption.
Symptoms of deficiency usually do not occur until serum levels are above 1 meq / liter
|
1.4-2.0
meq/liter
|
Phosphorus,
inorganic (adult)
Serum
phosphorus concentrations have a circadian rhythm (highest level in late
morning, lowest in evening) and are subject to rapid change secondary to
environmental factors such as diet (carbohydrate), phosphate-binding
antacids, and fluctuations in growth hormone, insulin, and renal function.
High levels may indicate osteolytic metastatic bone tumors, myelogenous
leukemia, milk-alkali syndrome, vitamin d intoxication, healing fractures,
renal failure, hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism,
diabetes mellitus with ketosis, acromegaly, portal cirrhosis, pulmonary
embolism, lactic acidosis or respiratory acidosis.
|
2.6-4.5 mg/dl
|
Potassium
High potassium
levels are associated with reduced renal excretion of potassium or
redistribution of potassium in the body (i.e. Massive hemolysis, severe
tissue damage, severe acute starvation-anorexia nervosa, hyperkinetic
activity, malignant hyperpyrexia following anesthesia, hyperkalemic periodic
paralysis, and dehydration).
|
3.4-4.8
mmol/liter
|
Progesterone
The diagnostic
value of this test lies in its detection of ovulation and in the evaluation
of the function of the corpus luteum. Serial sampling during the
menstrual cycle is required. During menopause, levels drop to 0
|
|
Female
|
|
Follicular
phase
|
< 1 ng / ml
|
Midluteal
phase
|
3-20 ng/ml
|
Male
|
< 1 ng / ml
|
Prolactin
May help
assess Prolactin reserve and abnormal Prolactin secretion by the pituitary.
May indicate pituitary tumors.
|
|
Female
|
|
Premenopausal
|
0-20 ng/ml
|
Postmenopausal
|
0-15 ng/ml
|
Male
|
0-15 ng/ml
|
Prostate-specific
antigen (PSA)
PSA is
prostate-tissue specific, not prostate-cancer specific. Used for early
detection of the recurrence of prostatic cancer. The test is of great value
as a marker in the follow-up of patients at high risk for disease
progression. PSA values increase with age.
|
|
Female
|
0
|
Male
|
|
less than 40 years of age
|
0.0-2.0 ng/ml
|
greater
than or equal to 40 yr old
|
0.0-4.0 ng/ml
|
Prostate-specific
antigen (PSA), free, in males 45-75 yr old, with PSA values between 4 and 20
ng/ml
|
above 25%
associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
Protein, total
High blood
levels may be associated with anabolic steroid use, androgens,
corticosteroids, coritcotropin, epinephrine, insulin, progesterone, or
thyroid preparations. Severe protein deficiency, chronic liver disease,
malabsorption syndrome, and malnutrition may also lead to abnormal levels.
Serum total protein decreases in the third trimester of pregnancy.
|
6.0-8.0 g/dl
|
Sodium
High serum
levels are associated with water loss in excess of salt through skin, lungs,
GI tract, and kidneys. Also may indicate increased renal sodium conservation
in hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome or disease, inadequate water intake
because of inadequate thirst mechanism, dehydration, or excessive saline
therapy. Low sodium levels may indicate low sodium intake, sodium losses due
to vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating with adequate water intake and
inadequate salt replacement, diuretics abuse, or salt-losing nephropathy
|
135-145
mmol/liter
|
Somatomedin C
(Insulin-like growth factor I)
Blood
concentrations of IGF-1 are constant during the day and after eating. In acromegaly,
the test may serve as an indicator of the severity of the disease; serial
determinations may be used to monitor efficacy of treatment. In dwarfism
IGF-1 may be used to determine the response to GH therapy. Concentrations of
IGF-1 rise during the first year of life, reaching the highest values in
preadolescent or early adolescent years. Normal values tend to decline
progressively until age 50
|
|
16-24
yr
|
182-780 ng/ml
|
25-39
yr
|
114-492 ng/ml
|
40-54
yr
|
90-360 ng/ml
|
> 54
yr
|
71-290 ng/ml
|
Testosterone,
total (morning sample)
This test is a
measure of total circulating testosterone, both protein bound and free. In
adult men, serum levels peak in the early morning, decreasing 25% to the
evening minimum. Levels increase after exercise and decrease after
immobilization and after glucose load. Progressive decreases begin after age
50
|
|
Female
|
6-86 ng/dl
|
Male
|
270-1070 ng/dl
|
Testosterone,
unbound (morning sample)
Free
(nonprotein-bound) testosterone is independent of changes in concentrations
of the principal testosterone transport protein, sex hormone-binding
globulin.
|
|
Female
|
|
20-40
yr
|
0.6-3.1 pg/ml
|
41-60
yr
|
0.4-2.5 pg/ml
|
61-80
yr
|
0.2-2.0 pg/ml
|
Male
|
|
20-40
yr
|
15.0-40.0
pg/ml
|
41-60
yr
|
13.0-35.0
pg/ml
|
61-80
yr
|
12.0-28.0
pg/ml
|
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
First-line
test for hyper- and hypothyroidism. Test is considered by some to be the
preferred screening test for evaluation of thyrometabolic states. Moderately
high TSH is often found in euthyroid patients during treatment of
hyperthyroidism.
|
0.5-5.0 U/ml
|
Thyroxine,
total (T4)
Used in
conjunction with other tests to measure thryoid function. T4
testing is frequently used when TSH levels are abnormally high or low. In
hypothyroidism, total serum t4 falls before t3. High
serum levels may represent hyperthyroidism.
|
4.5-10.9 g/dl
|
Transferrin
Transferrin is
the major plasma transport protein for iron. High serum levels may
indicate iron deficiency (high levels often precede the appearance of anemia
by days to months). Serum ferritin levels fall with iron deficiency and
with generalized malnutrition but remain normal in the presence of
inflammation and iron deficiency
|
191-365 mg/dl
|
Triglycerides
(fasting)
Increased
triglyceride levels indicate hyperlipoproteinemia types I, IIb, III, IV, and
V due to familial or sporadic endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. The following
primary disease states or conditions can lead to secondary elevation of
triglycerides: obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, viral hepatitis,
alcoholism, alcoholic cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, acute and chronic
pancreatitis, extrahepatic biliary obstruction, nephrotic syndrome, chronic
renal failure, essential hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, chronic
ischemic heart disease, cerebral thrombosis, hypothyroidism, diabetes
mellitus, gout, pregnancy, glycogen storage diseases types I, II, III, and
IV, down syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, Werner's syndrome, anorexia
nervosa, or idiopathic hypercalcemia. Low levels of triglycerides may
indicate chronic obstructive lung disease, brain infarction, hyperthyroidism,
hyperparathyroidism, lactosuria, malnutrition, malabsorption syndrome,
intestinal lymphangiectasia or end-stage parenchymal liver disease.
|
40-150 mg/dl
|
Triiodothyronine,
total (T3)
Used in
conjunction with other tests to measure thyroid function. High serum
levels may indicate hyperthyroidism while low levels may indicate
hypothyroidism. At least 80% of circulating T3 is derived
from monodeiodination of T4 in peripheral tissues. T3
is 4 to 5 times more potent in biological systems than T4
|
60-181 ng/dl
|
Urea nitrogen
(BUN) (adult)
High serum
blood levels may indicate impaired kidney function associated with an
increase with age or protein content of diet.
|
8-25 mg/dl
|
Uric acid
High serum
levels may indicate gout, renal failure, leukemia, lymphoma, psoriasis,
polycythemia, multiple myeloma, kidney disease, and or chronic lead
nephropathy. Associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension,
arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypoparathyroidism, acromegaly, and
liver disease.
|
|
Male
|
3.6-8.5 mg/dl
|
Female
|
2.3-6.6 mg/dl
|
|
|
Differential
blood count
|
Reference
Range
|
Neutrophils
|
45-75%
|
Bands
|
0-5%
|
Lymphocytes
|
16-46%
|
Monocytes
|
4-11%
|
Eosinophils
|
0-8%
|
Basophils
|
0-3%
|
Erythrocyte
count
Red Blood Cell
count; filled with hemoglobin and specialized for carrying O2 and
CO2 (adult)
|
|
Male
|
4.50-5.30 X 106/mm3
|
Female
|
4.10-5.10 X 106/mm3
|
Ferritin
Surplus iron
is stored as Ferritin, primarily in the liver
|
|
Male
|
30-300 ng/ml
|
Female
|
10-200 ng/ml
|
Folate (folic
acid)
Water soluble
vitamin involved with amino acid metabolism & transfer of single-carbon
units in nucleic acid
|
|
Normal
|
3.1-17.5 ng/ml
|
Borderline
deficient
|
2.2-3.0 ng/ml
|
Deficient
|
< 2 ng / ml
|
Excessive
|
above 17.5 ng/ml
|
Hematocrit
(adult)
% of Red Blood
Cells present in total blood
|
|
Male
|
37.0-49.0
|
Female
|
36.0-46.0
|
Hemoglobin
(adult)
Oxygen-carrying
compound of blood. Numerical value of hemoglobin present in Red Blood
Cells
|
|
Male
|
13.0-18.0 g/dl
|
Female
|
12.0-16.0 g/dl
|
Iron
Constituent of
hemoglobin (transport of oxygen in blood) and enzymes involved in energy
metabolism
|
30-160 g/dl
|
Leukocyte
count (WBC)
White Blood
Cell (WBC); Central to the immune system that defends against infection
|
4.5-11.0X103/mm3
|
Mean
corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
Value is
calculated from hemoglobin and erythrocyte count. MCH= Erc÷Hb
|
25.0-35.0
pg/cell
|
Mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Mean cell
hemoglobin concentration is calculated from Hb and hematocrit (Hct)
MCHC=
Hct÷Hb
|
31.0-37.0 g/dl
|
Mean
corpuscular volume (MCV) (adult)
Mean cell
volume may not be reliable when a large number of abnormal erythroctes or a
dimorphic population of erythrocytes is present. It may also be calculated
from the hematocrit and erythrocyte count
MCV= Erc÷Hct
|
|
Male
|
78-100 m3
|
Female
|
78-102 m3
|
Platelet count
Helps mediate
the blood clotting that prevents loss of blood after injury
|
150-350X103/mm3
|
Platelet, mean
volume
|
6.4-11.0 m3
|
